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☆ US and China are buying into Mexico’s manufacturing moment
▼ + stars: | 2024-04-28 | by ( John Towfighi | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +9 min

CNN —As US supply chains decouple from China, Mexico’s manufacturing sector is emerging as a winner. Ramos said Mexico and China have been competing for the US manufacturing market for years, but amid a shifting US-China relationship, Mexico looks poised to pull ahead. Those exports were driven by manufacturing, which comprises 40% of Mexico’s economy, according to Morgan Stanley. Meanwhile, Chinese exports to the US were down 20% in 2023, compared to 2022. Analysts at Morgan Stanley see the value of Mexico’s exports to the United States growing from $455 billion to about $609 billion in the next five years.

Persons: That’s, nearshoring, Alberto Ramos, Goldman Sachs, Ramos, Morgan Stanley, Katherine Tai, CNN’s Julia Chatterley, Tai, United States Jose Luis Gonzalez, Xeneta, Peter Sand, Jose Enrique Sevilla, John Raines, Goldman’s Ramos, Biden, Raquel Buenrostro, —, Joe Biden, Donald Trump, Trump, ”, Global’s, Raines, Christoffer Enemaerke, “, Tesla, Elon Musk, Julio Cesar Aguilar, BYD doesn’t, RBC’s Enemaerke, Michael Nam Organizations: CNN, Manufacturing, Commerce Department, US Trade, General Motors, Ford, Reuters, Shipping, Container Trade, Xeneta, Moody’s Analytics, P Global Market Intelligence, steelworkers, “, Global’s Sevilla, Macip, RBC, Getty, BYD, ” Sevilla, Monterrey Locations: China, Mexico, Canada, North America, US, Ciudad Juarez, United States, Pittsburgh, Mexican, Monterrey, ”, Nuevo Leon, Asia

☆ China may have found a new way to skirt US import tariffs: Go through Mexico instead
▼ + stars: | 2024-03-15 | by ( Huileng Tan | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +2 min

China's exports to Mexico surged nearly 60% in January year-over-year, according to Xeneta. Mexico became America's top trade partner last year, overtaking China amid geopolitical tensions. The strong growth in trade between the two countries followed a 35% on-year jump in container volumes from China to Mexico. In 2022, China's exports to Mexico grew just 3.5% on-year. AdvertisementLast year, Mexico overtook China as America's top trade partner, according to data from the US Commerce Department.

Persons: —, Peter Sand, Donald Trump Organizations: Service, Container Trades Statistics, Business, China, Trump, US Commerce Department Locations: Mexico, China

☆ Fatal Houthi rebel attack may be a ‘red line’ in Red Sea shipping crisis
▼ + stars: | 2024-03-07 | by ( Hanna Ziady | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +6 min

The deadly strike marks a significant escalation of the Houthi attacks on ships in the Red Sea and and comes despite a US-led naval coalition to protect the crucial waterway. Fewer ships appear to be transiting through the Red Sea and adjoining Suez Canal after the latest attack, according to maritime risks analytics company Windward. According to Windward, the number of bulk carriers anchoring outside ports to the north and south of the Suez Canal surged 225% Wednesday compared with the previous day. Windward data shows that last month the number of bulk carriers in the Red Sea was already at its lowest level in two years. Just 30% of the usual shipping capacity — including container ships, bulk carriers, car carriers, and tankers carrying oil and liquefied natural gas — is still passing through the Red Sea and Suez Canal, according to Sand.

Persons: Ami Daniel, ”, Peter Sand, “, Hapag Lloyd —, Christine Lagarde, CMA CGM, Stephen Cotton, Cotton, David Ashmore, Reed Smith, John Stawpert, ” Maisie Linford Organizations: London CNN, Liberian, ” Windward, CNN, Maersk, MSC, European Central Bank, Drewry, CMA, International Transport Workers ’ Federation, International Chamber of Shipping Locations: Red Sea, Iran, Suez, Africa, Windward, Red, Norway, Sand, “, London, Good, Gulf, Aden and Red, Aden

☆ Red Sea crisis: How global trade is being upended by attacks on container ships
▼ + stars: | 2024-02-08 | by ( Anna Cooban | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +7 min

That’s added as much as two weeks to a typical East-to-West journey for container ships, and 18 days for slower bulk carriers and tankers. Global container shipping costs are less than half their level during the coronavirus pandemic, which peaked at $10,380 in September 2021. Even so, he said, container shipping is “very cost-effective” as many goods can be packed into a single shipping container. The Galaxy Leader cargo ship is escorted by Houthi boats in the Red Sea on November 20, 2023. Fewer oil tankers have avoided the Red Sea than container ships, which the Houthi militants more closely identify with Western countries allied with Israel.

Persons: Richard Meade, Tesla, Peter Sand, Good Hope, That’s, ”, Lloyd —, “, ” Simon MacAdam, ” Maersk, Meade Organizations: London CNN —, Hamas, Lloyds, CNN, Maersk, Hapag, Carriers, Global, Container, Capital Economics, Organisation for Economic Co, Development, Galaxy Leader, Houthi Military Media, Reuters Locations: Iran, Suez, Asia, Europe, Germany, Swedish, Africa, South Africa’s, Good, Sand, Vietnam, Drewry, Shanghai, China, Rotterdam, Netherlands, Xeneta, Israel, United States, Canada

☆ Red Sea supply chain inflation may be peaking already, new trade data suggests
▼ + stars: | 2024-01-31 | by ( Lori Ann Larocco | ) www.cnbc.com time to read: +3 min

It tells CNBC that rates on ocean routes from Asia to Europe and the Mediterranean are beginning to decline, but for U.S.-bound trade, prices are still climbing. Rates for cargo headed to the U.S. are still risingBut for U.S companies, while some have negotiating leverage, shipping rates are not seeing any reprieve. According to Sand, rates for the trade route from the Far East to the U.S. East Coast are still heading higher. "Everyone is accusing everyone at the moment, which is normal during situations when there is so much uncertainty in the market," Sand said. "Ocean freight carriers did not invent this crisis and it takes time for them to put in new shipping networks to deal with the disruption caused by diverting away from the Suez Canal."

Persons: February's GRIs, Emily Stausbøll, Peter Sand, Sand Organizations: CNBC, Logistics, U.S . Locations: Xeneta, Asia, Europe, North Europe, Sand, U.S . East Coast, Suez

☆ Larger shipping companies will continue to avoid Red Sea despite airstrikes, says analyst
▼ + stars: | 2024-01-15 | by ( ) www.cnbc.com time to read: 1 min

Share Share Article via Facebook Share Article via Twitter Share Article via LinkedIn Share Article via EmailLarger shipping companies will continue to avoid Red Sea despite airstrikes, says analystPeter Sand, chief analyst at Xeneta, discusses the U.S. and UK airstrikes on Houthi targets and the impact this will have on shipping companies in the Red Sea.

Persons: Peter Sand Locations: Red

☆ Climate Change Hitting Fight Against AIDS, TB and Malaria
▼ + stars: | 2023-09-17 | by ( Sept. | At P.M. | ) www.usnews.com time to read: +2 min

By Jennifer RigbyLONDON (Reuters) - Climate change and conflict are hitting efforts to tackle three of the world's deadliest infectious diseases, the head of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria has warned. International initiatives to fight the diseases have largely recovered after being badly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the Fund’s 2023 results report released on Monday. But the increasing challenges of climate change and conflict mean the world is likely to miss the target of putting an end to AIDS, TB and malaria by 2030 without “extraordinary steps”, said Peter Sands, executive director of the Global Fund. The Fund also helped put 24.5 million people on antiretroviral therapy for HIV, and distributed 220 million mosquito nets. For example, malaria is spreading to highland parts of Africa that were previously too cold for the mosquito carrying the disease-causing parasite.

Persons: Jennifer Rigby LONDON, Peter Sands, Sands, Jennifer Rigby, Jane Merriman Organizations: Global Fund, AIDS, Tuberculosis, Malaria, Fund, UN, Assembly Locations: Africa, Sudan, Ukraine, Afghanistan, Myanmar

LONDON, Sept 18 (Reuters) - Climate change and conflict are hitting efforts to tackle three of the world's deadliest infectious diseases, the head of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria has warned. International initiatives to fight the diseases have largely recovered after being badly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the Fund’s 2023 results report released on Monday. But the increasing challenges of climate change and conflict mean the world is likely to miss the target of putting an end to AIDS, TB and malaria by 2030 without “extraordinary steps”, said Peter Sands, executive director of the Global Fund. The Fund also helped put 24.5 million people on antiretroviral therapy for HIV, and distributed 220 million mosquito nets. For example, malaria is spreading to highland parts of Africa that were previously too cold for the mosquito carrying the disease-causing parasite.

Persons: Peter Sands, Sands, Jennifer Rigby, Jane Merriman Organizations: Global Fund, AIDS, Tuberculosis, Malaria, Fund, UN, Assembly, Thomson Locations: Africa, Sudan, Ukraine, Afghanistan, Myanmar

REUTERS/Magali Druscovich/File Photo Acquire Licensing RightsLONDON, Sept 18 (Reuters) - Climate change and conflict are hitting efforts to tackle three of the world's deadliest infectious diseases, the head of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria has warned. But the increasing challenges of climate change and conflict mean the world is likely to miss the target of putting an end to AIDS, TB and malaria by 2030 without “extraordinary steps”, said Peter Sands, executive director of the Global Fund. For example, malaria is spreading to highland parts of Africa that were previously too cold for the mosquito carrying the disease-causing parasite. For example, in 2022, 6.7 million people were treated for TB in the countries where the Global Fund invests, 1.4 million more people than in the previous year. For example, he said, many countries with the highest burden of TB are middle-income countries that have more capacity to fund health services domestically.

Persons: Magali, Peter Sands, Sands, Jennifer Rigby, Jane Merriman, Edwina Gibbs Organizations: REUTERS, Global Fund, AIDS, Tuberculosis, Malaria, UN, Assembly, Global, Thomson Locations: Buenos Aires, Argentina, Africa, Sudan, Ukraine, Afghanistan, Myanmar

☆ A severe drought is affecting the Panama Canal. That’s not a good sign for supply chains — or your holiday shopping
▼ + stars: | 2023-08-26 | by ( Alicia Wallace | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +8 min

Just this week, the Panama Canal Authority extended those restrictions for at least another 10 months. Next shoe to dropBut from a transportation standpoint beyond Panama, the next shoe to drop could be the Mississippi River, Davis said. During the past 30 days, rainfall along the southern Mississippi River has been well below normal. And when you have two disruptions versus just one, that is magnified overall.”Holiday shopping hang-upsFor now, general waiting times have spiked at the Panama Canal. Supply chain shiftsHad this occurred before the pandemic lockdowns and the drastic swings in consumer spending patterns that mangled supply chains, it might have been a different story.

Persons: sandstorm, ”, Janelle Griffith, Marsh, Jon Davis, El, “, Davis, Evelyn Hockstein, Everstream, Ahmad Hassan, hasn’t, “ We’ve, ” Phillip Sanfield, Amanda Kwan, hadn’t, ” Kwan, plumb, Taylor Swift, Kamala Raman, you’ve, Peter Sand, Sand Organizations: Minneapolis CNN —, Panama Canal Authority, Getty, CNN, Port, Port Authority of New, National Retail Federation Locations: Minneapolis, Minneapolis CNN — Panama, Panama, Mississippi, Suez, North American, El, Central America, Grand Tower , Illinois, New Orleans, United States, Europe, Egyptian, Ismailiya, AFP, Panama Canal, Los Angeles, Port of Los Angeles, New York, Port Authority of New York, New Jersey, “

☆ Major shipping routes are struggling with water shortages. El Niño could make it worse
▼ + stars: | 2023-08-21 | by ( Sam Meredith | ) www.cnbc.com time to read: +6 min

A ship navigates the Panama Canal in the area of the Americas' Bridge in Panama City on June 12, 2023. Luis Acosta | Afp | Getty ImagesAn increasing number of climate-driven extreme weather events is taking its toll on the world's major shipping routes — and El Niño could make matters worse. In drought-stricken Panama, low water levels have prompted the Central American country to reduce the number of vessels that pass through the critically important Panama Canal. The Panama Canal Authority, which manages the waterway, said earlier this month that the measures were necessary because of "unprecedented challenges." "Right now, we do not see that filling up of the water levels that a normal year would bring around.

Persons: Luis Acosta, El Niño, El, Peter Sands, Sands, Lars Ostergaard Nielsen, Moller, Balint Porneczi, Nielsen Organizations: Afp, Getty, Central, Atlantic, Panama Canal Authority, CNBC, Analysts, Planet Labs PBC, El, Maersk, Bloomberg, Palatinate . Locations: Panama, Panama City, Central American, Suez, Europe, Asia, Pacific, Germany, Rotterdam, Bacharach, Rhineland, Palatinate, Frankfurt

[1/2] Monrovia NSU CHALLENGER bulk carrier transits the expanded canal through Cocoli Locks at the Panama Canal, on the outskirts of Panama City, Panama April 19, 2023. The Panama Canal Authority has reduced maximum ship weights and daily ship crossings in a bid to conserve water. Container ships are the most common users of the Panama Canal and transport more than 40% of consumer goods traded between Northeast Asia and the U.S. East Coast. Some shipping executives are bracing for more reductions later this year, noting that in 2020 a less severe drought prompted canal operators to reduce crossings to 27 per day. "The Panama Canal is just the latest example."

Persons: Aris Martinez, Max, Drew Lerner, Peter Sand, Steve Ferreira, STRI's Steven Paton, Paton, Brian Bourke, Lisa Baertlein, Marianna Parraga, Elida Moreno, Louise Breusch Rasmussen, Deepa Babington Organizations: Monrovia NSU CHALLENGER, REUTERS, ANGELES, Evergreen Marine, Pacific, Panama Canal Authority, Northeast, U.S ., Smithsonian Tropical Research, El Nino, Central American, Canal Authority, SEKO Logistics, Thomson Locations: Cocoli, Panama, Panama City, HOUSTON, China, U.S, Northeast Asia, U.S . East Coast . U.S, United States, Chile, Brazil, Suez, Gatun Lake, El, U.S . East Coast, Los Angeles, Houston, Copenhagen

REUTERS/John Sommers II/File Photo Acquire Licensing RightsAug 18 (Reuters) - Air cargo enjoyed record demand when COVID-19 closed borders and snarled supply chains. Now, it is reeling from overcapacity and tumbling freight rates as the freight boom makes a hard landing. Passenger jets grounded during the health crisis are flying again and bringing their lower-deck cargo space, which competes with dedicated air freighters, back into play. The Florida-based carrier cited "the unyielding and rapidly mounting macro-economic headwinds that plagued the entire air cargo transportation sector starting in late 2022". In June, air cargo experienced the slowest contraction since February 2022, the International Air Transport Association said.

Persons: John Sommers, Xeneta, they're, Peter Sand, we're, Sand, planemakers, Eddy Pieniazek, expective, Pieniazek, Robert, Tim Hepher, Lisa Bartlein, Allison Lampert, Valerie Insinna, Barbara Lewis Organizations: Parcel Service, UPS, REUTERS, Air, Reuters, Western Global Airlines, Japan Airlines, Xeneta, International Air Transport Association, Ishka, Cathay, HK, Boeing, Airbus, Aeronautical Engineers, Thomson Locations: Louisville , Kentucky, Delaware, Florida, China, Asia, United States, Miami

The "slow and go" pace of the International Longshore and Warehouse Union workforce at West Coast ports has slowed ground port productivity to a crawl. "Our data shows that vessels will continue arriving at West Coast ports in the coming days with significant amounts of cargo to unload," said Kyle Henderson, CEO of Vizion. Truck and container backupsThe average truck turns to go in and out of the West Coast ports are up. West Coast ports, which had lost significant volume to East Coast ports over the past year due to volatility in the labor contract talks, had in recent months begun to gain back volume. Recent Panama Canal low water levels limited cargo throughput, and soon after that, large parts of U.S. West Coast ports stopped handling inbound and outbound container trade.

Persons: Kyle Henderson, lashers, Xeneta, Peter Sand, Hapag Lloyd, Paul Brashier, Jerome Powell, Jonathan Ostry Organizations: Fenix Marine Services, Warehouse, Port, CNBC, Vizion, Logistics, Pacific Maritime Association, Long, PMA, Marine Services, East Coasts, Fenix Marine, U.S ., East Coast Ports, CMA, ITS Logistics, Los Angeles, Federal, Georgetown Locations: West Coast, Port of Oakland, Port of Los Angeles, Long Beach , California, Oakland, Los Angeles, Long, Port of Long, Long Beach, Seattle, Tacoma, West, U.S, East, Coast, East Coast, Panama, U.S . West Coast, Gulf, Asia, South America, Los, Houston, Savannah

☆ U.S. retailers' ocean shipping price woes ending as new delays threaten
▼ + stars: | 2023-02-27 | by ( Lisa Baertlein | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +4 min

LONG BEACH, Calif., Feb 27 (Reuters) - Collapsing ocean shipping rates are not all good news for U.S. retailers, who paid as much as $20,000 to move a container of goods during the worst pandemic disruptions, as they now are bracing for delays due to plummeting demand. dolls to the short-term spot market from the long-term contract market. Volatile spot rates were the first to plummet when pandemic-weary consumers shifted spending from goods to travel and entertainment. Previously loyal customers are aggressively comparison- shopping, spreading their business around and gambling on the spot market, experts said. This time around, importer and exporter shipping managers, whose costs exploded when they were unexpectedly forced into the sky-high spot market, have the upper hand.

☆ Retailers Hope to Bargain for Lower Ocean-Freight Rates
▼ + stars: | 2023-02-14 | by ( Paul Berger | ) www.wsj.com time to read: +5 min

Richard Galanti, chief financial officer of Costco Wholesale Corp. , said lower freight rates should lead to price cuts at the members-only retailer, which imports more than 200,000 containers a year from Asia. An International Monetary Fund study found that when ocean-freight rates double it causes inflation to rise by 0.7 percentage point. Jonathan Ostry, a Georgetown University professor and a co-author of the study, said cutting shipping rates in half should reduce inflation by the same amount. In the ocean-shipping spot market, where importers book containers without a contract, rates have dropped to $1,000 on some trans-Pacific routes. But they say lower ocean shipping expenses will help in steadying prices.

Moeller-Maersk and Mediterranean Shipping Co. created the so-called 2M alliance in 2015 to help them reduce costs by sharing cargo on major ocean routes. Rivals formed similar partnerships, creating the Ocean Alliance and THE Alliance. Global trade volumes fell 9.5% year over year in November 2022, according to London-based Container Trade Statistics, and global shipping rates have been sliding at a steep pace since early last year. He said the winding down of 2M raised questions over the future of the other two alliances, Ocean Alliance and THE Alliance. So the in-transit issues and all the penalties have pretty much faded away.”Target said in an email that it renegotiates its shipping rates regularly.

☆ Davos 2023: Climate change leads to more malaria, tuberculosis up in a recession
▼ + stars: | 2023-01-16 | by ( Leela De Kretser | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

DAVOS, Switzerland, Jan 16 (Reuters) - Climate change is increasing malaria infections, the executive director of the world's biggest health fund said in Davos on Monday. Huge surges in malaria infections followed recent floods in Pakistan and cyclones in Mozambique in 2021, said Peter Sands, the executive director of the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. He said climate change was also changing the geography of mosquitoes. Sands runs the world's largest global fund, which invests in fighting tuberculosis, malaria and HIV/AIDS in some of the poorest nations in the world. Looking ahead, climate change is just one of the factors that could hamper efforts to eradicate the diseases, Sands said.

☆ Analysis: Some ocean shipping rates collapsing, but real price relief is months away
▼ + stars: | 2023-01-09 | by ( Lisa Baertlein | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +4 min

They're not interested in playing the (spot) market" by shopping for lower rates, shipping expert John McCown said. The chief executive of container shipping company Ocean Network Express, Jeremy Nixon, said in December that short-term spot rates were "bottoming out." Meanwhile, long-term contract rates finished 2022 about 20% lower than the pandemic peak of more than $8,000 per container, according to maritime consultancy Drewry, which expects contract rates to halve in 2023. Several factors could support longer-term contract rates, including upheaval from China's COVID outbreak, war in Ukraine, and high labor costs. Steve Schult, vice president for almond farming cooperative Blue Diamond Growers, bets contract rates will not revisit pre-COVID levels.

☆ Freight rates from China to West Coast down 90% as global trade falls off fast
▼ + stars: | 2022-12-07 | by ( Lori Ann Larocco | ) www.cnbc.com time to read: +2 min

Logistics managers are sending the message to clients that the ocean freight market is correcting itself at a faster pace than anticipated. The peak in the market, according to Alan Baer, CEO of OL USA, was the second quarter. Trade data shows a decline in Asia imports to the U.S. by 11% year-over-year in October, which built on a September decline. "For many carriers, the fall in the XSI will trigger the fall in their average rates and will bring an end to record-breaking quarters," he said. Xeneta data indicates that 85% of customers plan to decrease ocean freight spending in 2023, while 42% say their volumes will stay "stable/consistent" with 2022, which Sand said suggests a further decline in cargo volumes.

☆ New York is now the nation's busiest port in a historic tipping point for U.S.-bound trade
▼ + stars: | 2022-09-24 | by ( Lori Ann Larocco | ) www.cnbc.com time to read: +5 min

This comes as the flow of trade continues to move away from the West Coast with logistics managers worried about a labor strike or lockout. More East Coast trade, and more port congestionThe CNBC Supply Chain Heat Map for the U.S. shows how the continued increase in trade has East Coast ports and Gulf port as the winners in this movement of freight. Maritime prices fallingThe flow of trade away from the West Coast has decreased the demand for vessel space, leading Far East to West Coast maritime freight prices to fall. "Shippers are still bringing in a lot of containers, on the East Coast and West Coast and Gulf Coast as well." Shippers are still hesitant to return re-routed cargo to the U.S. West coast, Sand said.

☆ Bilanţul deceselor provocate de malarie îl va depăşi pe cel cauzat de COVID-19 în Africa Subsahariană
▼ + stars: | 2020-11-30 | by ( Publika.Md - Aici Sunt Știrile | ) www.publika.md time to read: +2 min

Peste 409.000 de persoane pe plan global - majoritatea fiind bebeluşi născuţi în regiunile sărace ale Africii - au murit de malarie anul trecut, a anunţat OMS în cel mai recent buletin al său dedicat evoluţiei acestei boli, iar pandemia de COVID-19 va cauza cel mai probabil o creştere a acestui bilanţ în 2020. "Estimările noastre arată că, în funcţie de gradul de disfuncţionalităţi ale serviciilor medicale (cauzate de COVID-19, n.r. )...ar putea să se producă o creştere a deceselor provocate de malarie cu un număr cuprins între 20.000 şi 100.000 în Africa Subsahariană, cele mai multe dintre victime fiind copii", a declarat Pedro L. Alonso, directorul programului anti-malarie din cadrul OMS. "Succesul pe termen lung în obţinerea unei lumi lipsite de malarie în cadrul unei generaţii este departe de a fi asigurat", a adăugat Pedro L. Alonso. "Şi, ca să vă reamintesc, aceasta este o boală pe care ştim cum să o eliminăm - aşadar, aici e vorba despre o alegere pe care nu o facem", a mai spus Peter Sands.

Persons: OMS, ., Pedro L . Alonso, Peter Sands Organizations: OMS Locations: Africii, ., Africa Subsahariană, Africa

„Este foarte probabil ca valul de mortalitate prin malarie să fie mai mare decât mortalitatea directă prin Covid-19", a adăugat el. În raportul OMS se constată că au fost 229 milioane de cazuri de malarie la nivel global în 2019 şi că, în ciuda provocărilor fără precedent ale pandemiei Covid-19, multe ţări din întreaga lume au luptat din greu şi au menţinut şi lupta împotriva malariei. „Succesul pe termen lung în atingerea unei lumi libere de malarie într-o generaţie este însă departe de a fi asigurat", subliniază acesta. Unele dintre ţările africane cele mai afectate de malarie s-au străduit să facă progrese semnificative începând cu 2016. Dar, din cauza transmiterii continue a malariei prin intermediul ţânţarilor în multe părţi ale lumii, jumătate din populaţia globală este expusă riscului de a contracta boala, iar boala încă ucide un copil la fiecare două minute.

Persons: OMS, Pedro Alsonso, Peter Sands Organizations: OMS, Mediafax Locations: Africii, Africa subsahariană

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